P-value

The probability of a result at least as extreme as observed, under the null hypothesis.

The p-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A small p-value is evidence against the null hypothesis.

If the p-value is below the significance level (commonly 0.05), the result is called statistically significant. A p-value is not the probability that the null hypothesis is true.